Auroras occur when solar wind, which contains charged particles, collide with the Earth's magnetic field. As these particles approach the polar regions, they interact with gas molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, particularly oxygen and nitrogen. This process produces light that ranges in color from green, red, to purple and blue, depending on the gas and the altitude of the phenomenon. The color of the aurora can also change over time, creating stunning light shows in the sky.

Auroras are most prominent in high latitudes such as those near the North and South Poles, but they can also appear in other regions under special meteorological conditions. These regions, due to their proximity to the Earth's poles, are more susceptible to the influence of solar winds and the Earth's magnetic field. It is this combination that creates the magical phenomena we call auroras.

Illustration photo.

In the Northern Hemisphere, this phenomenon is called "aurora borealis", while in the Southern Hemisphere, it is called "aurora australis". Both phenomena are similar in nature, but the location of their appearance and the name are different depending on the hemisphere in which they appear. No matter where, the aurora always creates a mesmerizing sight, as shimmering bands of light move across the sky, creating a beautiful natural picture.

The impact of auroras goes beyond creating a mystical beauty in the sky, they also provide important information about the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field. Scientists have studied auroras to better understand how the solar wind interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field, and to study electromagnetic phenomena in the atmosphere. Auroras are one of the tools that help scientists predict solar activity and learn how events like solar storms affect our planet.

Interestingly, auroras tend to be more intense during years when the sun is more active. The sun has an 11-year cycle, during which there are periods when the sun emits more energy, leading to an increase in charged particles hitting the earth, increasing the intensity of the auroras. So during these years, we can expect to see more spectacular and brilliant auroras.

In addition to its scientific value, the aurora is also an attractive destination for travel enthusiasts. Countries located in the polar regions, such as Norway, Sweden, Canada, and New Zealand, attract thousands of tourists each year to witness this magical phenomenon. Visitors can join specialized tours to hunt for the aurora on dark nights, when meteorological conditions and solar activity create excellent opportunities to admire this spectacle.

The aurora, therefore, is not only a fascinating natural phenomenon but also part of the intersection between science, astronomy and tourism, contributing to enriching human understanding of the vast universe, while bringing unforgettable experiences to those lucky enough to witness it.

Source: https://doanhnghiepvn.vn/cong-nghe/hien-tuong-cuc-quang-dai-anh-sang-ky-ao-tu-vu-tru/20250429022841989