Mr. Bao Khoi said that the structure of the 10th grade Literature exam announced by the Department of Education and Training of Ho Chi Minh City includes two parts: reading comprehension of literary texts and writing paragraphs. The source of reading comprehension materials will be outside the textbook, no longer than 1,300 words. The exam is built according to an integrated orientation - the content of the writing part is related to the text in the reading comprehension part. The knowledge in the exam focuses on grades 8 and 9, which will certainly cause many difficulties in the review process of students.

According to Mr. Khoi, to get high scores, students first need to systematize their knowledge. They should pay attention to the following issues:

KNOWLEDGE OF GENRE VIETNAMESE KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

- Literary texts: Poetry, eight-word poems, short stories, Nom poems.

- Argumentative text: Social argumentative text.

- Informational text: Text introducing a scenic spot or historical site, a book.

 - Rhetorical devices: word play, alliteration, rhyme, inversion, rhetorical questions.
- Anecdotes, allusions.
- Onomatopoeia, phonology, auxiliary words, interjections, popular words, local words, Sino-Vietnamese words, social dialects, new words and new meanings.
- Classify sentences, separate components in sentences, explicit and implicit meanings of sentences.
- Paragraphs of direct and indirect quotations.		 - Reading skills: Literary texts, argumentative texts, informational texts.
- Writing skills: Social argumentative essay; Literary argumentative paragraph; Paragraph expressing feelings about a poem or poem section.

"Most likely, the exam content will mainly be based on the 9th grade curriculum. Based on that, students can draw out the key knowledge and skills that need to be reviewed," said Mr. Khoi.

Practice reading comprehension skills

Mr. Khoi believes that in order to complete the easy-to-score sections as much as possible and increase the chance of getting high scores on the differentiated questions, students need to pay attention to the component scores of each type of question according to the level of thinking, thereby determining how to answer and present in the most effective way. Based on the sample exam structure, Mr. Khoi organizes the questions according to the level of thinking.

LEVEL POINT ANSWER ORIENTATION FOR EXAMPLE
Know 0.5 point State 1-2 ideas and content that satisfy the requirements of the question. For the question "point out the rhetorical devices used" 2 rhetorical devices need to be mentioned.
Understand 0.75 point State 2 ideas
- Separate ideas clearly when answering (indent/bullet points).
- Each idea should be expressed in about 2 - 3 lines.		 Question:
- State the content of the text.
- How do you understand the following poem: “…”?
How to answer: Need to state 2 ideas.
- Idea 1: Answer the question "What does this poem talk about/refer to?".
- Idea 2: Answer the question "What attitude and emotion did the writer use to talk about that thing and what was his/her purpose?"
Manipulate 1 point The answer section has at least 2 parts.
- This is a personal answer so the main concern is to present it in the correct format.		 Question: State your opinion on an idea stated in the text?
How to answer: Students need to state 2 contents.
- State your choice (agree/disagree).
- State 3 reasons for the above choice, each reason needs to have an ordinal word (first, second,.../first, next, besides,...).

Practice writing paragraphs

According to Mr. Khoi, in the 10th grade Literature exam, this is a skill that does not account for many points, but students need to pay attention to how to write in order to achieve good results. In addition to being aware of certain advantages due to the open-ended question orientation (clearly indicating the content of the paragraph), students need to write a paragraph of about 200 words, or 8-12 sentences.

Regarding the form of the paragraph, students write according to the coordination structure (summary - division - synthesis), marking the aspects of development with ordinal words (first, second, first, next, besides).

In terms of content, the opening sentence of a paragraph must state three pieces of information: the title of the work, the author's name, and the topic requirements. The concluding sentence must reiterate the discussion issue and the topic requirements. The essay must include a statement or citation of evidence in the work.

"In the process of expressing, there must be no spelling mistakes. Besides, try to have relevant content, compare, and expand the process of writing paragraphs," said Mr. Khoi and reminded students to pay attention to the following 2 requirements for writing paragraphs:

REQUEST WRITING A LITERARY ESSAY WRITE A PARAGRAPH EXPRESSING YOUR FEELINGS
Basic requirements - Meet the requirements for the form of the paragraph (according to the combined paragraph structure) and the length of the paragraph (about 200 words).
- The opening sentence must state 3 pieces of information: the title of the poem, the author's name, and the content to be analyzed.
- During the analysis, evidence from the work must be cited.		 - Meet the requirements for the form of the paragraph (with an opening sentence - body - closing sentence), and the length of the paragraph (about 200 words).
- The opening sentence must state 3 pieces of information: the title of the poem, the author's name, and feelings and emotions (nostalgic, wistful, moved...).
- Use first person to express feelings about the poem.
- In the process of expressing opinions, evidence from the work must be cited.
Basic layout

Form 1: Analyze the topic content
- State the topic
- Content aspect 1 of the topic
- Content aspect of the topic
- Artistic features contribute to clarifying the theme
Form 2: Analysis of artistic features
- General comments
- State the specific manifestations/expressive aspects of that artistic feature.
- The aesthetic effect of that artistic feature
- The role of that artistic feature in relation to the theme of the work.

 Idea 1: Thoughts on the content of the poem/poem
- Feeling nostalgic with the scene and events the author recreates
- Moved by the author's feelings and emotions towards...
Idea 2: Thoughts on the form of the poem/verse
- Fun with pictures
- Impressed by the rhetorical devices, flexible rhythm, unique rhyme...

Social argumentative essay writing skills
Lecturer of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, said that students need to realize that the appearance of argumentative writing style on a life issue is an advantage. Students need to grasp the requirements and how to develop two types of social argumentative writing in the review content to prepare well for the exam.

First of all, an essay on a problem of life or a problem that needs to be solved must meet the formal requirements of having an introduction, body, and conclusion with a length of about 500-600 words. The introduction states the problem that needs to be discussed. Students must choose appropriate argumentative operations and methods of expression to develop the problem, including developing at least 2 arguments. The essay uses specific and authentic evidence in the body.

For an essay on a life issue, first explain the issue. The central thesis clarifies the correctness of the opinion (state the points you agree with the opinion).

There are two ways to develop the extended argument. Method 1 is to point out the limitations of the opinion (state the points of disagreement). Method 2 is to discuss with opposing views, pointing out the manifestations that go against the problem that need to be criticized and praised (anti-thesis). What needs to be done to limit and promote the problem that the opinion raises (state solutions).

For an argumentative essay explaining a problem, first is to explain the problem. Next is the leading thesis stating the cause of the problem, the harm, and the effect of the problem. Thesis 1 is to state solution 1 (object of implementation, corresponding work, expected results). Thesis 2 states solution 2.

"In addition to consolidating knowledge and practicing these skills, students need to practice writing and pay attention to their handwriting. It is likely that the grading instructions will require deduction of points if the handwriting is sloppy. Students need to practice according to the exam questions that are built according to the structure announced by the Ho Chi Minh City Department of Education and Training to gain experience and sharpen what has been instructed by teachers," Mr. Khoi advised.

Source: https://vietnamnet.vn/de-ngu-van-thi-lop-10-tphcm-doc-la-thay-giao-chi-cach-hoc-de-dat-diem-cao-2386274.html