At 4:45 p.m. on October 3, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that scientists Pierre Agostini (USA), Ferenc Krausz (Germany) and Anne L'Huillier (Sweden) became the winners of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics thanks to their experiments that gave humanity new tools to explore the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules.

According to the Nobel Prize organizers, the three scientists have demonstrated a method of generating extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.

The Nobel Prize is an international award established by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm in 1901 based on the estate of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and businessman.

The prize is awarded annually to individuals and organizations that have made outstanding contributions in the fields of Medicine, Chemistry, Physics, Literature, and Peace. In 1968, the Swedish Central Bank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Nobel, also known as the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Each award includes a medal, a personal certificate and a prize money of 11 million Swedish crowns ($986,000), an increase of one million Swedish crowns from 2022.

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics goes to three scientists Alain Aspect (France), John F. Clauser (USA) and Anton Zeilinger (Austria) for their experiments with entangled photons, establishing violations of Bell's inequality and pioneering quantum information science.

Since 1901, 116 Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded, of which 47 have been awarded to single winners.

Among the Nobel Prize winners in Physics, there are only 4 female scientists: Marie Curie (1903), Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963), Donna Strickland (2018) and Andrea Ghez (2020). John Bardeen is the only scholar to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice, in 1956 and 1972.

This year's Nobel season began on October 2 with the prize in the field of Medicine awarded to two scientists, Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who paved the way for the use of mRNA technology to develop a COVID-19 vaccine.

After the Nobel Prize in Physics, the next prizes will be announced in the fields of Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Economics.

Tra Khanh (Source: CNN)