What is the secret to creating the "premium" chocolate flavor?

Scientists at the University of Nottingham (UK) have just identified the microbial and environmental factors that determine chocolate flavor during the fermentation of cocoa beans - the first and most important step after harvest, laying the foundation for aroma, flavor complexity and reducing bitterness.

Research published in the journal Nature Microbiology on August 18 shows that temperature, pH and microbial communities interact with each other during fermentation, thereby forming chocolate flavor.

The team identified microbial species and metabolic characteristics associated with “premium” chocolate, and demonstrated that both abiotic (temperature, pH) and biotic (microbial) factors are stable predictors of flavor development.

Cocoa fermentation is a natural process driven by microorganisms that typically takes place directly on the farm when beans are piled up in bins, baskets or compost piles, according to Dr. David Gopaulchan, lead author of the study.

Under these conditions, natural bacteria and fungi from the environment will decompose the beans, creating chemical compounds that determine the final taste and aroma of the chocolate.

However, this process is spontaneous and difficult to control, resulting in variable grain quality between seasons, farms or regions.

To find a way to recreate this process consistently, scientists worked with Colombian farmers to monitor natural fermentation, identify factors that influence flavor, and then put it into the lab.

Here, they create a “defined microbial community”—a collection of selected bacteria and fungi—that can replicate the chemical and sensory characteristics of traditional fermentation. The resulting chocolate retains the same premium flavor profile as on the farm.

“We have shown that based on measurable parameters such as pH, temperature and microbial variation, producers can predict and maintain consistent flavour,” Dr Gopaulchan stressed. “This is a shift from spontaneous fermentation to a scientifically-based standardised process, just as yeast strains revolutionised the beer and cheese industries.”

According to the research team, “domesticating” the cocoa fermentation process opens a new era for the chocolate industry: using standard “starter” yeast to ensure consistent quality, develop new flavors and elevate global chocolate./.

Source: https://www.vietnamplus.vn/dau-la-bi-mat-giup-tao-nen-huong-vi-chocolate-hao-hang-post1057150.vnp